TFTD: Ma'awiya used the executive power and the armed forces that were under his direct control, to ensure the caliphate remained within his chosen party, and was successful, despite widespread dissent and opposition. Successive generations have done exactly the same, preserving power within their parties, sects and clans, with similar results.
The caliphate has now been replaced (mainly) by republics, where rulers are (in theory at least) appointed and removed by popular vote, but the control of the army by the ruler prevents correct implementation of the constitution in most cases.
There are those today who are calling for a return to the old caliphate system, while opposing (like many before) the forceful securing of bay'ah, but also opposing separation of the powers.
Q: Other than describing it as "haram", what have these groups done to rectify this longstanding problem?
(Originally posted on 09/12/2006)
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